Home Mortgage Loan Essay Example for Free

Home Mortgage Loan Essay Shopping around for the best mortgage is a process similar to the acquisition of any other product. A borrower should first shop around for the best loan, then compare the terms, rates and costs being offered. Finally, the borrower should negotiate for the most advantageous deal. The first step is to obtain information from various lenders. It is important to be aware of the different types of lenders, such as banks, mortgage companies and credit unions. The terms of the mortgage may vary with the type of lending institution. As such it is advisable to consider several institutions. It is also important to determine whether or not the person or institution being dealt with is acting as a lender or a broker, and the nature of compensation paid to the person or institution. This is because brokers are often paid fees other than those paid to the lender. The borrower should consider both the interest rate and the additional fees being charged. If the additional cost of paying points is too high, the lower interest rate will not necessarily result in a better financial deal. The second step is to compare the important cost information from the various lending institutions. The borrower should always keep in mind the desired amount of a down payment, and should use this as a basis to research the costs that will be involved in the loan. The loan amount, loan term and type of loan should be clarified in order to enable the borrower to compare the information. The borrower should also consider the nature of the rates offered, and whether it is an adjustable-rate loan. Another point to deliberate is the annual percentage rate of the loan. This is in order to better consider the yearly rate of the points, fees and other credit charges. Other factors to compare include the lender’s requirements for a down payment, and any special programs offered by the lender. Next, the borrower should negotiate for the best deal. Lenders and brokers often offer different consumers with the same qualifications different prices for the same loan terms. These differences can often be attributed to the amount of compensation kept by the loan officers and brokers. One negotiation tactic is to ask the lender or broker to reduce or waive certain fees or to lower the number of points for the loan. Borrowers should be wary of lenders or brokers who appear to lower or waive one fee while raising another fee or increasing points. Finally, when the borrower is satisfied with the negotiated terms, it is often advisable for the borrower to obtain a lock-in from the lender or broker. This lock-in should include the agreed rate, period and number of points to be paid. When obtaining a mortgage, a borrower should first educate himself as to the terms, rates and costs offered by a variety of lending institutions. He or she should then compare the important costs for the transaction. The borrower should then negotiate for the best deal. By taking the time to follow this process, a person will not only be more educated as to the nature of their mortgage, but they may also save a considerable amount of money.

Roddy Doyles Paddy Clark: No More Laughing For Paddy Essay -- essays r

Roddy Doyle's Paddy Clark: No More Laughing for Paddy Yer Name Here Poetry/Fiction Paddy Clarke Roddy Doyle's Paddy Clarke HA HA HA was a beautifully written book. It perfectly captures the mind of a ten year old boy in Ireland during the mid- 1960's. Paddy Clarke, the young boy who Doyle uses to enter the mind of a ten year old, is a boy who most can relate to. The book explores most aspects of life through the eyes of Paddy. Doyle takes us through childhood and childhood's end. Doyle is able to seize the complexities of life, but at the same time simplify them enough for ten year old. Everything is a mystery or an adventure to Paddy and his friends. From taking over construction sites to receiving polio check-ups. However not everything is a game to Paddy. His parents lack of compatibility troubles Paddy and his brother Sinbad greatly. The intensity of his parents arguments accelerate as the book goes on. At times Paddy feels he can stop them, at one point he considers himself a "referee" in the fights. "I didn't know what I'd do. If I was there he wouldn't do it again, that was all."(p.191) He ends up contemplating who he would want to win. He comes to the conclusion that he would want his mom to win because she does so much for him, however his father is his father and he loves him. Sinbad reacts differently to his parents fighting. He doesn't try to intervene ...

Corporate social responsibility motivations and country factors Essay

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an increasingly important issue for all businesses around the world. CSR covers economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities of firms. Explain the factors that may motivate an MNE to adopt CSR in its international business strategy and operations. How might the country context influence the types of CSR initiatives undertaken? Support your answer with real world examples or cases. While corporate social responsibility (CSR) has existed for a long time, it has garnered attention only in the last two decades as an important aspect of doing business. Academic research on CSR has evolved over the years, indicating a change in how CSR is viewed as time goes by. In the earlier years of CSR research, academics sought to identify a link between CSR and financial performance (Aupperle et al. 1985; McGuire et al. 1998), as though CSR had to be rationalised in order to exist. But moving forward to the present, CSR has been undoubtedly recognised as a need by many organisations, and research has shifted from discussing â€Å"macro social effects to an organisational-level analysis of CSR and its impact on organisational processes and performance† (Lindgreen and Swaen 2010, p. 1). In other words, CSR research has moved from questioning the â€Å"why† to â€Å"how† of doing CSR, reflecting the growing prominence of the practice. CSR involves the â€Å" economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time† (Carroll 1979, p. 500). These programs are designed to fulfill a basic economic or social need as expected by the community, honoured by the company in goodwill so as to position oneself as a positively value-driven entity (Swanson 1995; Wood 1991). CSR initiatives can be derived out of self-interest, or external pressure from institutional economics (Meyer and Rowan 1991; North 1992) or when a company decides to rise above its economic function to help and aid stakeholders (Trevino and Nelson, 2004). While there are many reasons for a company to engage in CSR, it ultimately assists the corporation in enhancing its legitimacy (Wood 1991) and fit with society at large (Zensisek 1979), creating a symbiotic relationship between stakeholders and companies (Tuzzolinio and Armandi 1981). Unfortunately, CSR has no consensus definition (Dahlsrud, 2008). It is important to recognise from this that CSR  is a complex and multilayered concept that requires examination from various angles. In this essay, CSR will be understood as a firm’s obligations to act responsibly to all possible stakeholders in the market environment. This essay will now seek to explore the motivations behind pursuing CSR programs by a business organisation, d etermining how various stakeholders and the general public can influence this decision and how the broader country context can affect how a company participates in CSR. In the corporate world, companies are fully engaged in CSR initiatives, with more than 80% of Fortune 500 companies addressing CSR issues (Esrock and Leichty, 1998), reflecting that CSR is more than an ethical or ideological necessity, but also an economic one. As such, more companies today have realised that â€Å"not only doing good is the right thing to do, but it also leads to doing better† (Bhattacharya and Sen 2004, p.9). While it was infamously argued previously that the main purpose of a company was to make profits and thrive economically (Friedman 1970), enterprises now have the option to do so and at the same time, contribute meaningfully to society at large. The reasons for a MNE to engage in CSR initiatives are multiple. Stakeholder theory (Donaldson and Preston 1995) can be used as a skeletal framework to understand where demands for CSR arise. Demand derives from two main groups: consumers and stakeholders. Stakeholders of a company include its investors, employees, suppliers and even the local environment that it is located in. The consumer demand for CSR will be addressed first. CSR engagements may result in producing a good that has socially responsible attributes, such as dolphin-free tuna or a non-animal tested product. It could be in less obvious means, such as a clothing company not ultilising sweat shops or child labour in producing its goods. When consumers buy products that bear such attributes, they believe they are â€Å"indirectly supporting a cause and rewarding firms that devote resources to CSR† (McWilliams and Siegel 2001, p. 119). Consumers are able to identify better with a company that engages in CSR activities and feel a stronger connection or attachment to such firms. Consumer oriented CSR also involve intangible attributes, such as reputation. Having a strong reputation has been linked to attracting more customers, retaining and motivating employees, gaining favour with analysts and the media amongst many more reasons (Bhattacharya and Sen 2004). CSR has come to matter in building a reputation for corporations. The Reputation  Institute ranks the world’s most reputable companies based on the RepTrak ® system. RepTrak ® analyses seven dimensions of corporate reputation: Citizenship, Innovation, Governance, Workplace, Leadership, Products/Services and Financial Performance (Reputation Institute 2013). Of which, three of these dimensions (citizenship, governance and workplace) fall into the CSR category, and analysis has shown that â€Å"42% of how people feel about a firm is based on their perceptions of the a firm’s CSR practices† (Smith 2012, para. 6). The Body Shop, Patagonia and Ben & Jerry’s are some examples that stand out in their respective industries having built reputations centring on socially responsible practices. Hence, it is easy to see why consumers drive the demand for companies to engage in CSR activities. Stakeholders too, demand for CSR for various reasons. McWilliams and Siegel (2001, p.122) have posited that employees will support  "progressive labour relations policies, safety, financial security, and workplace amenities, such as childcare. Workers are searching for signals that managers are responding to causes they support†. Nintendo has numerous employee well-being programs in place where all employees can receive support in various aspects of their lives. Free training in life-saving skills and first aid, and subsidies for work safety shoes, transportation costs and even gym memberships are provided to help employees achieve work-life balance and a better well being (Nintendo, 2013). It has been observed that CSR initiatives in a firm typically lead to greater employee work satisfaction where job attitudes are improved and productivity is increased, and is used as a way of attracting talents to a company (Bhattacharya, Sen and Korschun 2012). Valentine and Fleischman (2008) have observed that CSR also plays a part in mediating the relationships between ethics programs and job satisfaction. Taken holistically, effective organisational ethics and CSR activities will incite more â€Å"positive beliefs in the fir m, as well as the immediate work context and culture† (Valentine and Fleischman 2008, p. 167). As observed then, employees play an important role in creating a demand for CSR in firms as they stand to benefit from such programs intrinsically. For both stakeholders and consumers then, CSR programs create an organisational identity that becomes relatable. When companies engage in CSR that underpins their mission and values, stakeholders are able to see an element of themselves in the organisation,  which leads to increased support for the company. As already observed, this can lead to stronger purchase intention in customers, or increased job satisfaction in employees. The largest motivation to pursue CSR for a company though could lie in developing a competitive advantage. While CSR could be executed simply by donating to charities as corporate philanthropy, some firms have recognised CSR as a strategic tool to use and develop in order to answer not only a societal need, but a business issue as well. Strategic CSR is now a form of social innovation, and by answering crucial problems in society that leads to real, long-lasting change; a company will reap the benefits of a better workforce, a new market or higher consumption while adding value to society (Kanter 1999). The need to recognise that economic and social objectives are not distinctively opposing but complementary will lead to CSR that can potentially bring about a social benefit and improve competitiveness (Porter and Kramer, 2002). There are two main business advantages that arise from CSR. Firstly, it presents an opportunity to test out a new technology. Secondly, it provides the opportunity to build political capital by influencing regulations, presenting itself as a market leader or to strengthen relationships with government officials (Kanter 1999). This was exactly what Bell Atlantic did through Project Explore by going into schools to test out their new High-bitrate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) technologies with personal computers in the early 1990s. This provided a test ground that would get their technology into the real world and also presented itself as a demonstration site to political leaders for Bell Atlantic to petition favourably for their proposed statewide technology communications plan (Kanter 1999). Bell Atlantic managed to help schools by providing them with computers and new technologies, bettering education and technology literacy, while still achieving a business agenda. The competitive context of a company and its business environment can benefit greatly when economic and social goals are seen as mutually linked. Porter and Kramer (2006) identify four key areas strategic CSR can affect competitive context positively: factor conditions, demand conditions, context for strategy and rivalry, and lastly, related and supported industries. Improving education, in the case of Cisco, enabled them to educate students in computer skills that resulted in a high quality, yet cost effective curriculum due to Cisco’s expertise. Whilst all students from Cisco’s Networking Academy may not work for Cisco, the industry at large benefits. Furthermore, well-trained network administrators who graduate from The Cisco Network Academy create demand for higher quality service and solutions (Porter and Kramer 2006, p. 85). CSR can influence in the creation of a more productive and transparent environment for competition (Porter and Kramer 2006, p. 85), such as Transparency International, where corporations have pledged to disclose and deter corruption in the world. This aids in building fair competition and higher productivity. Finally, a company can benefit by supporting a related industry. For example, American Express funds travel and tourism academics in the recognition of its reliance on the hospitality industry for travel-related spending on its credit cards (Porter and Kramer 2006, p.85). These examples show how CSR can result in tremendous payoffs when executed effectively. While immediate stakeholders c an drive the motivations for CSR initiatives, it is important to consider how the country a company is operating in can affect how CSR activities are chosen and implemented. The different social and cultural differences in each country should be salient enough for managers to acknowledge that CSR cannot be entirely universal, especially in the case of global MNEs. Furthermore, different social needs and problems will be inherent in each country. For example, the prevalence of AIDS/HIV is critical in South Africa. As such, it is only appropriate that companies with a presence in South Africa address this issue; with the likes of Toyota, Sappi and Mercedes-Benz deploying CSR programs that help employees tackle the pandemic of AIDS/HIV. British Petroleum (BP) (BP 2013), a global oil company, undertakes CSR initiatives that are identified as locally relevant, tailoring to the needs of their host communities and societies. A quick glance of their case studies shows various CSR programs ranging from workforce rights in Brazil to community relations in Turkey. While addressing locale-specific issues would be the most effective method of CSR, other factors may e ncourage or hinder such intention. The legal environment can affect the way CSR is implement in a country greatly. It changes either through strong intervention whereby social responsibility is legally stipulated, or a severe lack thereof, which leads to voluntary action by other players (Campbell 2007). France and Brazil are two examples par excellence of how the government can play a key role in creating CSR  demand, albeit in opposite directions. The French government has influenced how CSR has developed and emerged greatly by playing an active role in passing legislation, amongst other policies that requires French companies, including subsidiaries of international firms, to be socially responsible and accountable (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p. 448). On the other hand, Brazil’s history of a military government has fostered a passive environment where innovation is stifled, including that of encouraging improvements for society (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p.449). As such, private actors such as Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) are most active in Brazil to encourage CSR programs to Brazilian companies. While the legal environment can affect how CSR is implemented in a country, it can also affect what type of CSR is initiated. Although France has passed mandates to enforce listed companies submit reports on social and environment impacts, the main area of concern belies in employment rights (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p. 450). Similarly, Brazilian companies are also strongly focused on employee relations and well-being, that being the key principle of CSR in Brazil (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p. 451). CSR then is only translated into one dimension of obligation and other dimensions, though equally pressing; take a backseat in the case of France and Brazil. Different priorities in a country culturally can affect how CSR is implemented. In such scenarios, international NGOs come in and encourage other concerns to be addressed. This helps to bring harmony to the imbalance within the CSR activities focused in countries such as France and Brazil. For instance, international environmental NGO, the World Wildlife Fund, has collaborated with French companies to allow the use of their logo, one of the most recognisable brands in the world, on products that meet their standards (Sobczak and Martins 2010, p.452). This has encouraged firms in France to meet environmental standards that was not previously crucial in CSR portfolios. Through this, French companies are more receptive to practicing CSR that is not inherent to their usual procedures. Despite the particularity of each country and how CSR is ideally done based on local demands, the reality of the matter is that CSR is not always practiced this way. Global MNEs typically have general and universal guidelines on what CSR activities should be undertaken in host countries, and most managers have to be given permission to pursue local CSR from the parent company . Universalism in CSR practices by MNEs creates linearity and  coherence for all stakeholders, but can result in less powerful CSR practices. On the other hand, localised programs may end up being fragmented or ad hoc. There is undoubtedly differing perspective on which approach is preferable, as each holds its argument convincingly (Muller 2006). As suggested by Husted and Allen (2006) then, the key difference between global or local CSR is the community that demands it. Another key factor that affects the way CSR is conducted is the development of CSR in a globalised world. It has been recognised by scholars (Gugler and Shi 2009; Jamali 2010) that CSR is fundamentally Anglo-Saxon both in history and development. Hence, CSR has a strong presence in the United States and United Kingdom, but is still lacking in both conceptual and practical thinking in countries based in the Southern hemisphere. Jamali and Ramez (2007) has noted that numerous issues with CSR in the Lebanon context. Firstly, CSR is typically executed in tangent to the parent company’s mission and values. While it is not necessarily a bad move to have a universally applicable CSR issue identified by a parent company, this may lead to a lack of agency by foreign subsidiaries to pursue CSR that is truly important in a specific context. Hence, CSR in Lebanon is still largely based on altruistic means and charitable giving, which is considered a low-level and basic method of implementing CSR. Interviewed companies by Jamali (2007) did not track the performance of its CSR outputs, showing that CSR is not implemented for a genuine purpose of serving a long-term positive impact to society, but to address the obligatory needs in order to build a positive corporate image. Due to the lack of understanding from global perspectives and North-driven ideology, countries may derive value and meaning from CSR in their own terms (Gugler and Shi 2009). China has come up with their own standards because of the dilemma of being the â€Å"world’s factory† and cannot comply with various standards demanded from different suppliers, it becomes too costly to be effective. In this instance, the Chinese government has developed various rankings and best practices for Chinese companies, and goes as far as prohibiting international certifications unless approved by the right local authorities (Gugler and Shi 2009, p.15). By doing so, Chinese companies do not face foreign pressure to comply with standards that are unfeasible for their modus operandi. Overall, this essay has shown that there are numerous motivations for companies to practice CSR. Answering demands to  achieve higher satisfaction in consumers and employees, helping to build a reputation and in its most strategic form, creates a competitive advantage for companies are some of the benefits that a company can yield through effective CSR. While there are numerous ben efits of conducting CSR, CSR implementation is highly diverse due to the various legal, socio-economic and cultural factors that each country brings. Furthermore, due to the development and history of CSR, CSR is still very much in its infancy stage in the Southern hemisphere and pressure to develop a CSR programs similar to current ones in the Northern hemisphere becomes unrealistic and untenable. As such, other actors such as international NGOs may step in to realign and create focus for different needs, or countries may come up with their own compliance standards as a global benchmark to ease doing of business internationally. This has shown thus far how CSR is highly complex as a practice, varying from simplistic to more complex approaches, and once again changing within localities due to the needs and issues to be addressed. As CSR continues to develop, one should take notice of how CSR might change in developing countries and how globalisation continues to affect how companies may choose to conduct CSR. References: Aupperle, K. E., et al. (1985). â€Å"An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability.† Academy of Management Journal 28(2): 446-463. Bhattacharya, C., et al. (2012). â€Å"Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent.† MIT Sloan Management Review 49. Bhattacharya, C. B. and S. Sen (2004). â€Å"Doing better at doing good: when, why and how consumers respond to corporate social initatives.† California Management Review 47(1): 9-24 BP (2013). â€Å"Sustainability.† from http://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/sustainability.html. Campbell, J. L. (2007). â€Å"Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility.† Academy of Management Review 32(3): 946-967. Carroll, A. B. (1979). â€Å"A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance.† Academy of Management Review 4(4): 497-505 Dahlsrud, A. (200 8). â€Å"How corporate social responsibility is defined: an analysis of 37 definitions.† Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 15(1): 1-13 Donaldson, T. and L.  E. Preston (1995). â€Å"The stakeholder theory of the corporation: Concepts, evidence, and implications.† Academy of Management Review 20(1): 65 Esrock, S. L. and G. B. Leichty (1998). â€Å"Social responsibility and corporate web pages: self-presentation or agenda-setting?† Public Relations Review 24(3): 305-319. Friedman, M. 1970. The social responsibility of business is to increase profits. New York Times Magazine, September 13: 32–33, 122, 124, 126. Gugler, P. and J. Y. Shi (2009). â€Å"Corporate social responsibility for developing country multinational corporations: lost war in pertaining global competitiveness?† Journal of Business Ethics 87(1): 3-24. Institute, R. (2013). â€Å"Reputation Institute – The Reptrak system.† from http://www.reputationinstitute.com/thought-leadership/the-reptrak-system. Jamali, D. (2010). â€Å"The CSR of MNC subsidiaries in developing countries: Global, local, substantive or diluted?† Journal of Business Ethics 93(2): 181-200. Jamali, D. and Ramez, M. (2007). â€Å"Corporate social responsibility (CSR): theory and practice in a developing country context.† Journal of Business Ethics 72(3): 243-262. Kanter, R. M. (1999). â€Å"From spare change to real change: The social sector as beta site for business innovation.† Harvard Business Review 77. Lindgreen, A. and V. Swaen (2010). â€Å"Corporate social responsibility.† International Journal of Management Reviews 12(1): 1-7 McGuire, J. B., et al. (1988). â€Å"Corporate social responsibility and firm financial performance.† Academy of Management Journal 31(4): 854-872. McWilliams, A. and D. Siegel (2001). â€Å"Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective.† Academy of Management Review 26(1): 117-127. Muller, A. (2006). â€Å"Global versus local CSR strategies.† European Management Journal 24(2): 189-198 Meyer, J. and B. Rowan. (1991). Institutional Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony, in P. J. DiMaggio and W. Walter (eds.), The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London), pp. 41–62. Nintendo (2013). â€Å"Nintendo of America – Employee Welfare and Well-being.† from http://www.nintendo.com/corp/csr/#welfare. Porter, M. E. and M. R. Kramer (2002). â€Å"The competitive advantage of corporate philanthropy.† Harvard Business Review 80(12): 56-68. Porter, M. E. and M. R. Kramer (2006). â€Å"Strategy and society.† Harvard Business Review 84(12): 78-92. Smith, J. (2012). â€Å"The companies with the best CSR reputation.† from

Plagiarism And Academic Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 735 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/03 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? Plagiarism and Academic Integrity Plagiarism is the act of taking credit, either deliberately or inadvertently, for another persons intellectual property. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary online, to ?plagiarize means: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as ones own, use (anothers production) without crediting the source, to commit literary theft, present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing source (merriam-webster.com, n.d.). Intellectual property extends to a persons thoughts, ideas, experiences, and/or academic or professional work. Simply put, it is an expression of original ideas and just like an original invention is protected by copyright laws (Office of Policy and International Affairs, 2018). The University of the People (UoPeople) Undergraduate Catalog (University of the People, n.d.) further defines plagiarism as submitting a paper that was the result of someone elses efforts but is represented as ones own work copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up majority significant portion of ones own work(University of the People, n.d., p.134). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Plagiarism And Academic Integrity" essay for you Create order In College Paper Professor Lovelit case study (On Course, Inc., n.d.) Reggie committed plagiarism and would have violated the UoPeople academic policies. Reggies primary error was attempting to pass off someone elses paper as his own. Even though Reggie tried to edit and revise the Internet paper, it is stated in UoPeople Undergraduate Catalog that copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up [a] majority significant portion of ones own work even while attempting to paraphrase and change the text(University of the People, n.d., p.134) is still plagiarism. Reggies poor planning and lack of preparation, while not against UoPeople policies, were the contributing factors leading to the plagiarism. Arnies plagiarism of the same Internet paper was an independent act from Reggies. Both acts of plagiarism, by Arnie and Reggie, may share a common source however; each would be a standalone violation of UoPeople policy. When looking at the case study the characters would have a descending level of responsibility. Reggie would be the most liable in this situation. It was his poor planning, not heeding the direction of his academic support counselor, sourcing an essay from the Internet, and lastly trying to pass the obtained essay as his own that resulted in him receiving an ?F for the final course grade. The second most culpable is Professor Lovelit but not in a way most would think. Professor Lovelit while doing her due diligence discovered the original essay online. Her culpability extends to the fact that she entered the F grade. However the responsibility still belongs to Reggie. Arnie is next in line; his choice to plagiarize the online essay suggested to him by Reggie was just that ?his choice. It may have enlightened Professor Lovelit to the unethical use of an online essay; I have to believe in her due diligence and being the submission was not on the assigned topic, she would have discovered it either way. The least responsible is Sally the academic support counselor; on several occasions she tried to encourage Reggie to finish the assignment properly. Reggie repeatedly ignored her guidance. Ultimately the full and sole responsibility for the plagiarism belongs to Reggie for he was the one that turned in someone elses work as his own. In order to be certain throughout my studies at UoPeople that I will not inadvertently plagiarize I plan to error on the side of caution. I live my academic career by the moniker When in doubt; cite! I believe it is better to cite my work in every instance were it ?might be required than to miss a citation and misrepresent my work. This also has the add benefit of allowing me to verify that a substantial portion of the work is my own thoughts. References Office of Policy and International Affairs. (2018, May 16). Intellectual Property (IP) Policy. Retrieved September 16, 2018, from https://www.uspto.gov/intellectual-property-ip-policy On Course, Inc. (n.d.). Case Study College Paper Professor Lovelit. Retrieved from https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/324969/mod_book/chapter/165565/Unit Case Study Revised.pdf Plagiarize. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster online. Retrieved September 16, 2018, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plagiarize University of the People. (n.d.). Undergraduate Catalog University of the People September 1, 2018. August 31, 2019. Retrieved from https://3w1fdw3g237j15p5421zov1f-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/UoPeople-Undergraduate-Catalog-AY2019.compressed.pdf.